NPN Transistor Derating Curve

In addition to adding more pages covering Transistor Derating Guidelines, two new pages were added to subdivide the listing.

One page covers NPN Transistor Derating Guidelines, while another page covers PNP Transistor Derating Guidelines. The new pages show each transistor link shown in a derating chart, even if the link points to a simular page already listed. One Temperature-Power Derating Curve may cover more than one transistor.

Power Derating for Transistors

Added two new main sections over the last few days, both of which come under the heading of Component Derating.

The first section covers Diode Temperature Derating Charts and is linked off the Diode Derating Guide Lines page. The new section covers six new pages, I won't re-list them here.

The second section covers Transistor Temperature Derating Charts and is linked off the main Component Derating page, which had not covered Transistors previously. The Transistor Derating Charts contain 27 new pages. Again, no need to relist all those pages address here.

A number of new graphic files were also added over the last few days, but I don't track those. So around 32 new pages have been added to the web site in the last few days.

All devices have a maximum current rating or power dissipation at 25C, but as the ambient air temperature is increased that maximum power dissipation must be reduced or derated.

Mini DisplayPort Specification

Apple Computer released the Mini DisplayPort standard in October of 2008. The new standard is very similar to the DispalyPort specification that was released by VESA in 2007. The new standard is controlled by Apple and differs from the original DisplayPort standard in a number of way, including a smaller connector and a different pinout.

Currently only the DisplayPort page links to the Mini DisplayPort page. With the link missing from the Video Monitor Buses page, the PC Interfaces Bus page, and a number of other computer bus related pages.

Only Apple uses the Mini DisplayPort interface....

Lithium-ion Batteries

Added a new page to hold some data on Lithium-ion Batteries. It holds a short description, and then some standard sizes and styles. The page is linked off the main page of Battery manufacturers.

Additional pages on this topic include Industrial Battery manufacturers, and manufacturers of Battery Sockets.

Battery Control IC Manufacturers.
Battery Management Buses; SMbus, and I2C Bus.

USB 3.0 Specification Release

A description of the Universal Serial Bus [USB] has resided on the site for years now. That page dealt with revisions 1 and revisions 2.0. However the specification changes within revision 3.0 are so different a new page has been created; Super Speed USB.

Revision 2.0 of the USB specification operated up to 480Mbps, while revision 3.0 of the standard can operate up to 4.8Gbps a 10x increase in the operational data rate. The cable and connectors have also changed by adding two additional twisted wire pairs.

The new page is still a copy of the original USB but over the next few days the 2.0 data will be replaced by the 3.0 information. Also added a new page to hold the new 3.0 USB Cable diagram, but again it's still a copy of the revision 2.0 cable.

Related pages:
Wireless USB,
VoIP Phone Manufacturers, USB Phones,
USB HSIC Interface,
Inter-Chip USB Interface,
Micro-USB Interface.

Automotive Buses

A new page was added off the main Automotive Bus description page to cover the Mazda Engine Control System. I get the impression that the Mazda Engine Control bus was used up until the mid 1990's when it was replaced by the Electronic Engine Control [EEC] interface. The system was used with engines produced by Mazda and with Ford cars that used Mazda engines.

Can't find much data out on the web, so there are only a few words on the topic.

M-Module Mezzanine Cards

Added a new page to cover manufacturers of M-Module mezzanine cards. The new page supports the existing page which held the M-Module description. A link to the new page was added to each of Mezzanine Card Manufacturers pages.

As time permits manufacturers which also produce MA-Module boards will also be added to the page.

The site contains two main pages with links to OEM board manufactures links:
COTS Card Manufacturers,
Industrial Board Formats and Manufacturers.

COTS = Commercial Off The Shelf
OEM = Original Equipment Manufacture

Battery Sockets

A new page was added to cover Battery Holders, Battery Socket manufacturers. The new page is a copy of another, so many of the listing below the dotted line need to be removed. The original page covered Battery Manufacturers.
A related page covers Industrial Battery Manufacturers.

Update; that page has now been updated but still only shows about a dozen manufacturers of battery sockets. I did just notice that many of the listed companies produce sockets for Lithium batteries, so a link to Lithium-ion Batteries was added. The page provides standard sizes for Lithium-ion batteries, and it also happens to be a new page.

D-Sub Connector Styles

Two more pages were added dealing with D-Sub miniature connectors, both linked off the main Insert Arrangements page. The new pages provides connector dimensions for Insulation Displacement D-Sub connectors, and D-Sub connectors with Plug Pin Contacts.

D Subminiature connectors are not found on commercial PCs any longer but are still being used in Industrial and Military applications. There are many other connector styles that are smaller and able to carrier higher speed signals.

Any way now there are pages that provide shell sizes for;
Board Mount D-Sub Connectors,
Insulation Displacement D-Sub Connectors,
Solder Cup D-Sub Connectors.

With each page providing Mechanical Dimensions for each of the connector styles, and showing the different connector sizes [number of pins] available under each different style.

D-Sub Connector Insert Arragenments

There are a number of pages that deal with D Sub-miniature connectors on the engineering web site. The main two are Manufacturers of Commercial D-Sub Connectors, and Manufacturers of Military D-Sub Connectors. Military connectors meet the MIL-DTL-24308 specification.

A graphic of a D-Subminiature outline, and a table of D-Sub mechanical dimensions is provided to determine the different sizes available. Along with a new page providing Insert Arrangements for D-sub connectors.

9-pin D-Sub Insert Arrangements,
15-pin D-Sub Insert Arrangements, Size 22 Contacts.
15-pin D-Sub Insert Arrangements, Size 20 Contacts.
25-pin D-Sub Insert Arrangements,
26-pin D-Sub Insert Arrangements,
37-pin D-Sub Insert Arrangements,
44-pin D-Sub Insert Arrangements,
50-pin D-Sub Insert Arrangements,
62-pin D-Sub Insert Arrangements,
78-pin D-Sub Insert Arrangements,
104-pin D-Sub Insert Arrangements.

So the Insert Arrangements for D-subs gives the dimensions and locations of the individual pins, while the Dimensional outline for D-subs gives the case out-line. In addition, you can determine the pin location or pin numbering using the 'insert arrangement' pages.

Although in declining usage on PC's the three most common sizes used are the 9-pin [Serial Port], the 15-pin [Video Port], and the 25-pin [Parallel Port].

A related page, general listing of Manufacturers of Military Grade Connectors.

Transistor Case Styles

Yet another set of pages that hold graphic files, in this case they are Transistor packages;
Main link page: IC Packages.
Transistor Metal Can Drawing,
Transistor TO23 Case,
Screw Mount Transistor Case,

IC Socket Drawings

Added a few more pages off the IC Package Definitions page.

SOP IC and Socket graphic,
BGA IC Graphic,
IC DIP Sockets graphic,

and I think one other. These are new pages to hold a graphic or picture file, with little or no text on the topic.

IC Package Drawings

The IC Package Type Definitions page received a few new links to new pages. Some of the links were already there but pointed to a pic file, now they point to a new page that contains the gif file.

JLCC Package;

LCC Package;

PGA Package;

Zig Zag Package;

SIP Package;

The first three are Integrated Circuit packages, while the last two are really passive component packages. In any case the new pages provide a drawing to show what the package looks like.

Definition of Capacitor Terms

There are now thirteen pages that cover the Capactior Dictionary section. Each page now has a link to all the other pages at the top of the page. In addition a few new graphics were added to aid in the defintion of the terms.

Because this section is a dictionary of Capacitor Terms not all letters are covered, but two new pages were added:

The first new page covers 'G' terms; Dictionary of Capacitor Terms, 'G'.

While the second page covers 'P' terms; Dictionary of Capacitor Terms, 'P'.

And another page for 'D' Capacitor definitions.

The definitions came from pages all ready in the section but those pages were runing a bit long. How ever because of other additions made tonight, now other pages are running to long which means that they may be sub-divided into other 'new' pages.

The dictionary pages change more than a few times a year, as more terms are added or new graphics are added, and in some cases obsolete terms are removed.

Some of the 'side' terms are still not listed in the Capacitor section, but they may be found in the Glossary of Engineering Terms section.

Note; 1/28/2010. The links to the capacitor dictionary have been updated in a newer blog posting; Indexed URLs.

Connector Manufacturers

A few new pages have been added over the last week. Tonight I pushed the listing of Manufacturers of Header Connectors onto its own page. The link reside on the main page for Manufacturers of Connectors.

Also off the dictionary section, 'P' Engineering Terms, a new page was added to cover the term, Pulse Shape. and related terms to describe a waveform.

And in the same dictionary section, 'S' Engineering Terms, another new term was added to hold a larger graphic of a Synchro. Same pic that was on the previous page, but a bit larger.

High Voltage Power Supplies

A new page was added to cover power supplies over, 1KV. I stated with the normal page of Manufacturers of Power Supplies and begun to push some of those listings to a new page for High voltage supplies. The new link is just above the start of the listing for 'normal' power supplies as ; High Voltage Power Supplies.

The new link will cover AC-to-DC Power supplies which operate above one Kilo-Volt [1KV] and save some search time for people looking for very high voltage outputs..

All the other power supply links still persist on each page, and the new page is not complete ~ but will be complete by the week end

OBD II Vehicle Cable Assemblies

The On-Board Diagnostics II [OBD II] interface is a vehcile interface required on all cars and trucks in the US after 1996. Refer to the main page for a short description of the OBD II interface. The signal assignments for OBD II is listed on the OBDII pinout page. However this pin out is for the OBD II end of the cable and not the far end which may be a DB9, or DB15 as shown below. The graphic to the left shows a OBD II female to OBD II male cable assembly, click for a larger image.

The new page additions hold pictures of different types of OBD II cable assemblies. An OBD II connector is always on one end of the cable, with some other connector style on the other end. In most cases the far end of the cable is either a DB9 or DB15 pin connector.

OBD II Cable assemblies; OBD end listed first.

Male narrow OBDII to DB15 pin Cable.

Female OBDII to 2x2 pin Cable. Split, VW

Right Angle Male OBDII to female DB-9pin Cable.

Male OBDII to DB9-pin Cable right angle.

Male OBDII to Male DB9-pin Cable.

Male OBDII to Male DB15-pin Cable.

Male OBDII to Female OBDII Cable. Gender changer

Female OBDII Cable to BMW connector. Circular, BMW

Each of these pages have links to all the other cable pictures, assuming no broken links..

Link to description of many other Automotive Buses.

The new cable assembly pages have not yet been added to sitemap for interfacebus.

OBD II Cable Assemblies

The web site contained three pages which referenced the OBD vehicle interface. The main OBD description page, the OBD pinout page, and a Glossary page for OBD terms. It appears that the OBD pinout page [signal assingments] is identical to the main page.

Both of those pages were pointing to graphic [gif] files to detail OBD II cable assemblies. Now those gif files are moving to their own pages, looks like tonight the correct links will reside off the OBD pin-out page. The main OBD bus page will be up-dated some time later.

Looks like there are 4 of 7 pages generated tonight;
OBDII to DB15 pin Cable assembly,
Narrow OBDII female connector to VW 2x2 connector Cable assembly,
Right Angle OBDII to DB9 pin Cable assembly,
OBDII to Right Angle DB9-pin Cable assembly.

Because all the pages contain links to all the other pages, they all need to be checked to insure that they all have the correct new links. So not all pages contain the correct link 'yet', as some have not been generated when another page had not been generated. It's a copy/paste error.

The OBD [On-Board Diagnostic] interface is used in cars and trucks to check engine status. The new pages show different cable assemblies, but pin outs are coming. The new links are under the OBDII Cable Assemblies heading per the pages refered.

Transformer Definition

A new page was added to hold the Transformer Symbols graphic. Not sure if it will end up being the main definition page for the term transformer, but it contains the same definitions for transformer found in the Engineering Glossary section. It seems to be an extension, off the main dictionary page.....

The new page providing a definition of the term Transformer supports the main page of Manufacturers of Transformers.

This is one of the graphic files being moved off the Google Page Creator site which will be going off line soon.

Following the last posting; Xenu was run again and found about a dozen internal bad links caused by moving picture files, or changing their address. Those 'bad' links have now been corrected, and are working now.

Memory IC Definitions

A few dictionary pages were changed today, and a few new pages were added. The Dictionary pages are changed all the time as new terms are added or terms with larger definitions are moved to their own pages. Here is a short list of the original page, then the new page that the definition moved to. So in these cases if a term showed up a number of times on a page, the related terms were moved to a separate page. This makes the term repeat on one page, which should help in searching on that term, and it rounds out both old and new pages.


Definition of Terms E:
------ Definition of Error Terms.
Definition of 'A' Terms:
Definition of 'B' Terms:
------ Definition of Binary Terms.
Definition of 'D' Terms:
Definition of 'E' Terms:


A new page which addresses the term EPROM was added, which also includes EEPROM.

IDC Ribbon Cable Connectors

Added a page to cover IDC Connectors. Another page addition to the Engineering Dictionary.

IDC [Insulation Displacement Connectors] work with Flat and Twisted-flat ribbon cables and offer cable to connector connections with out soldering.

Manufacturers of Connectors.
Manufacturers of Ribbon Cables.

The diagram is an example of an IEEE-488 IDC connector.

Connector definition

Added another page to cover the definition for a Banana Jack style connector. One page shows a graphic for a female to male banana jack connector, while a second page provides a view of a female to female banana jack connector. Both styles provide a BNC connector at one end. Both pages are linked off the main Engineering Dictionary page.

A definition for Twisted Pair cable was also added to the Engineering Glossary section. Of course there are pictures for each new page. Think RS422..

A definition for the term Back Shell was added, again off the electronic dictionary section. The end section of a connector shell....

Related links include; manufacturers of Connectors, and manufacturers of Cables.

Ground Fault Interrupter

A page was added to define a Ground Fault Interrupter circuit [GFI], or Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter [GFCI]. A secondary page shows a Residual Current Device [RCD]. GFI outlets are normally found in rooms with access to water, a bath room or kitchen. However; a GFI circuit may protect other rooms with outlets down the line, rooms which may not include a GFI outlet.

Both pages were added to the main Engineering Glossary section, with additional liks off the Engineering Acronyms section.

Related topics include Manufacturers of Fuses, Manufacturers of Circuit Breakers.

Maximum Fuse Voltage for AC and DC operation [related only to the other links to Fuses].

GDDR5 Pinout for ICs

A new page was added to address the IC pinout for GDDR5 IC's. The main GDDR page is located at GDDR DIMM Descriptions. This is the only pin out listed for GDDR IC's, GDDR5 IC Pin out. How ever ther are a number of pages that list PC Memory Module Pinouts.

GDDR5 integrated circuites are being produced by at least two companies. The diagram is from a Qimonda data sheet

Locking Connector Types

A new page was added to hold a graphic for a Bayonet style locking connector. The page is linked off the page covering the definition of a BNC Connector. A small definition is also provided. Both pages are part of the Definition of Radar Terms section.

Also added a graphic holding page to cover the definition of Terminal Lugs. The Terminal Lugs diagrams reside in the Engineering Glossary of Terms section.
In addition to the pictures referenced above a few others were added to pre-existing pages. A few additional entries were also added to the Definition of Resistor Terms section, but no new pages added.

I also moved the Balun Definition to its own page as the definition was being duplicated on three other pages. The new page covering Baluns is linked from a number of pages including the Antenna Terms section, and Engineering Dictionary section. Of course each of the new pages have been added to the site-map, linked of the index page.

Circular Connector Manufacturers

Finally added some text to the Sealed Circular Connector page located on interfacebus.net. The page was created a few months back... So far the page is a collection of links to pages that list manufacturers that produce round connectors on interfacebus.com.

The listing groups all the different pages into one list, which should make round connectors easier to locate.

Looks like the web site could use a few more pages dealing with Military Spec connectors.

HTML Language Codes

A new page provides HTML escape codes for country languages. The page lists the more common html language codes, but depends on your location. The page is listed on interfacebus.com. However there is a main listing that provides a more complete listing of escape codes, --. The escape codes are used in the meta tags to determine which language a web page is written in or using.
The new page is listed in the site map, but the newest version of the -- was not up-loaded, not for one obscure page.

PXI Express

The new Personal Computer video interface bus, PCI Express has been out for a few years now. The PCIe interface replaced the AGP bus which was used as a high speed video expansion slot shipped in PCs. As a video bus PCIe used a number of redundant lanes, or 16x to archive its high speed throughput. Because of its 2.5Gbps transfer speed (1x) the interface also started to replace the aging PCI bus, used for all other expansion slot functions.

Any way the PCIe bus started to replace all the other embedded buses based on the PCI interface. The upgrade path for cPCI becomes cPCI Express, PCMCIA went to ExpressCard, MiniPCI becomes Mini PCI Express, and so on.

Because many of the upgrades use the same physical interface, board format and function, but only change the electrical interface, page additions have been slow. Of course it takes a year or so before the interface is adopted by OEMs too.

A number of years ago the VME interface bus migrated to an instrumentation bus called VXI, low noise ~ high rel. Compact PCI [cPCI] did the same thing with the PXI interface [Compact PCI for Instrumentation]. PXI continued the advancement moving to PXI Express, using PCIe as the electrical interface and dropping the PCI bus.

So, four new pages were added to the web site today relating to PXIe;
System Slot pin out, PXI Express.
System Timing Slot, PXI Express.
Peripheral Slot pin out, PXI Express.
Hybrid Peripheral Slot pin out, PXI Express.

The pages link off the main PXIe page and have a listing in the html -- but because of those additions the pages do not yet contain the pinout data. Like all new pages, I add the page before the data gets loaded. A number of pages relating to the embedded PCIe interface have been updated.

PXI Express uses the same card form factor as PXI and cPCI, and some VME board sizes.

COTS Definition

Added a new page to cover the term COTS, or Commercial Off The Shelf Definition. The COTS term was already being defined on another Glossary page, but I reduced that listing and added a link to the new page.

The COTS acronym was also used on two Acronym pages; 'O' Engineering Acronyms, and 'C' Engineering Acronyms. Both of those pages now have links to the new COTS definition page.

GPIB Connector Diagrams, Mechanical Drawings

Several pages have been added to hold military CID [Commercial Interface Document] paper mechanical drawings for the IEEE-488 connector, GPIB [General Purpose Interface Connector].

The main link is off the top level HPIB Description page, to IEEE488 CID Mechanical Drawings. Here are the new pages, that carry the CID drawings:
A-A-55094,
A-A-55138,
A-A-55139,
A-A-55140,
A-A-55141,
A-A-55144,
A-A-55145,
A-A-55146.

These page show the mechanical drawing for the connector, and provide no other data other than the specification title. The purpose of the page is to hold the connector picture or gif and that's it.
The page addition to the site map is coming soon.

Manufacturers of RF Twinax Connectors

I added a new page that contains the definition of a Twinax connector. Remember it's a new page and contains little data. The link is off the RF Radar Terms section.

Remember because so many sites relay on hits from search engines, adding pages may not help a web site. A new page may place well in a search for some terms but because it takes three months to get a page rank may not place well for many terms ~ which is why they get up-loaded as the page is generated.

Even as new pages are added and older pages are up-dated, site hits are down this week. Page visits are down at least 300 per day this week, looks like about 7,800 visits per day ~not page views. It must be common when so many sites depend on search engine traffic. Regardless of what you do the search engine may bring in less traffic. I think interfacebus.com takes in 75% of its traffic from search engines. A small reduction in search engine traffic results in a major drop of visitors. I see it all the time........

Also up-dated the manufacturers of Connector Dust caps page.

What is the Minimum Serial Bus Lenght

The minimum distance for the next closest bus node [in a serial bus] is determined by the length of the wire and the signal reflection time. A quick link for minimum Node length, or keep reading the blog ...... but give me a day. The link is off the RS485 page [EIA485].

The maximum bus distance is almost always provided or can be determined, but you never see the minimum distance. And I never noticed......

Vehicle Buses

Added the OBDII pinout to a new page. The link is found on the main OBDII page. The OBD [On-Board Diagnostics] is one of a number of different Automotive Buses.

The attached picture is a US Military [Army] hybrid vehicle. Not sure when the new Humvee replacements come on line, better be soon. I Hear 70% of a convoy is taken up just carrying fuel.

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The sitemap has been viewed 650 times so far this year.

Military Specifications Resource

Some content has been removed by the editor.... The page is meant to document a number of common Mil Spec document numbers and their title. It's really just a place holder to contain the information. Put a few new graphic files up at the same time. Also linked to the the main pages for MIL resistors standards and MIL capacitor standard pages on interfacebus.com. Seems like a good start for the page....

On www.interfacebus.com, I added the GVIF description page. The GVIF [Gigabit Video InterFace] bus has been released sense 1997, but, it's news to me. Looks like a Sony only interface bus.

I added a holding page, so I should get back to it soon, I hope.

Circuit Damage caused by Tin Whisker Growth

I added a page to cover Tin Whiskers, which is linked off one the of the Glossary of Terms pages. Like normal, it's a new page with little content, but it's out on the web so I can work on it.

At the same time two dozen pages in the Engineering Dictionary section were up-dated. But, in most cases, the up-dates centered around embedded HTML code. I did find a few HTML coding errors, and I added a few SEO enhancements to pick up some page views.

I added the new Tin Whisker page to the sitemap, while deleting a few redundant listings. Keeping the site-map about the same size. The site map is running at 261k bytes.

Ya know, having the new page on the web just works out faster to view and work on. Yes the pages are a work in progress, but most of them are so hard to find (before they are indexed by a search engine). The new Tin Whisker entry is only found by this linkage:

www.interfacebus.com / Reference / Dictionary Sites / Engineering Glossary's / Electronic Dictionary, "T" / Engineering Dictionary "Ti" / Tin Whisker Growth. That's seven levels down, out of 1,600 pages. So it's ok to upload a page in process, The search engines can't even find that page..... I can't

Resistor Network Schematic

Added a new page providing a schematic of Network Resistors. This page shows the pinout and schematic for two types of resistor arrays. This is in addition to a previous page showing Resistor Networks. The page compliments the Resistor Network Packages page, the Manufacturers of Resistor Networks, and How to Derate Resistor Networks.

A page showing How to Derate Thermistors was also added, complimenting to the page providing Manufacturers of Thermistors. Both pages were added to the web sites sitemap. The graphic shows a SIP package which is common for resistor networks or resistor arrays.

Resistor Definitions

Added a new set of pages for definitions of Resistors. Not sure how many pages will end up being part of the Resistor Glossary, but these are the pages to date. Maybe I'll edit this page later to add in any new sections as I get them organized.

The new Resistor section also serves to bring all the other pages that deal with the different aspects of resistors to one listing. Note all the entries with links to related topics.

Resistor Terms 'A',
Resistor Terms 'B-C',
Resistor Terms 'D-E',
Resistor Terms 'F-M',
Resistor Terms 'N',
Resistor Terms 'P',
Resistor Terms 'R',
Resistor Terms 'S',
Resistor Terms 'T',
Resistor Terms 'V',

The pages are some what small, but I wanted to leave space for additional information. There are still some resistor terms missing, it's a group of new pages. I should be able to add some more definitions Saturday.

This section can be reach via the Electronic Dictionary page, under the Glossaries listing. This new section should complement the Dictionary of Capacitor Terms.

Dummy Load, Cable Terminator

Added a new page that depicts coaxial impedance terminators. The link is off one of the Glossary/Dictionary pages. Just now, clicking on the thumb nail brings up a larger pic of the image, but I may end up adding a new page to hold the larger image.

The new page show both a BNC terminator and a TNC terminator [or dummy load].

Twenty eight other files were up-dated today, but most of those were for new java code for Google Analytics. However a few pages did receive a small formatting correction, a word was put in bold text to follow the formatting of all the other pages. Oh, I did make sure that I added the new java code to the top six pages that receive the most hits per day ~ but it's just a maintenance issue. The new java code had been out for awhile now, but I'm really already in the middle of another update.....

MIL-STD-100

MIL-STD-100, Engineering Drawing Practices. The specification was released in 1965, and upgraded over the years until revision 'G'. The MIL-STD-100G lasted until 2001 when it was canceled with no replacement. Well, no government replacement; use ASME Y14.xx, don't clam MIL-STD-100 unless you have to. MIL-STD-100 was also called DOD-STD-100.

So, a page was added to detail the history of MIL-STD-100 over the years before MIL-STD-100 was canceled, followed by a number of pages that provide Dictionary terms relating to MIL-STD-100.

List of Dictionary Terms for MIL-STD-100:

MIL-STD-100G, A Terms,
MIL-STD-100G, B Terms,
MIL-STD-100G, C Terms,
MIL-STD-100G, D Terms,
MIL-STD-100G, E Terms,
MIL-STD-100G, M Terms,
MIL-STD-100G, N Terms,
MIL-STD-100G, O Terms,
MIL-STD-100G, P Terms,
MIL-STD-100G, Q Terms,
MIL-STD-100G, S Terms,

Some letter definitions are combined, so check the previous entire. The main listing is provided off the Military Specifications page.

Determine Maximum Fuse Voltages

How do you determine the maximum operating voltage of a fuse? That's a good question, and it depends on the current load the fuse sees and if the applied voltage is AC volts or DC volts. Most applications really just boil down to the inrush current the fuse may encounter. However many applications indicate a large difference between the maximum AC voltage and the maximum DC voltage a particular fuse can handle.

A new page has been created to address the difference between maximum DC voltage and AC voltage.

How to determine if an AC fuse works at DC voltages. The new page address the issue of AC fuses working with DC voltage. Most fuse will indicate if they operate at an AC voltage, DC voltage or both. Data sheets will also indicate if there is a difference in voltages between AC or DC operation.

Pages that compliment the maximum voltage faq include;
How to Derate a Fuse.
Manufacturers of Mechanical Fuses.
Manufacturers of Circuit Breakers.
Manufacturers of Fuse Holders.
Passive Fuse Manufacturers and Surge Protection Device Manufacturers are also listed on the main Fuse manufacturers page.

Resistor Tolerance

A new page has been added to address Resistor Tolerance. The page covers the basic definition of Resistor Tolerance, including self heating and Temperature Coefficient of Resistance. The main link to the page resides on the 'Tolerance' Electronic Dictionary page.

Additional pages that cover resistor topics include;
Resistor Values and Package Sizes.
Resistor MIL Specifications.
Resistor Derating Guide-lines.
Resistor Networks Derating.
Resistor Network Styles.
Resistor Network Package Styles.
Resistor Manufacturers.
Resistor Networks Manufacturers.
Resistor Chip Attenuator Manufacturers.
Resistor Dictionary Terms.

There may be a few other pages, but the ones listed above are the main pages, and they will point to any pages not listed here. Of course there is also a Dictionary of Capacitor Terms too.

VME Mechanical Interface

I added two pages to cover the mechanical standards for the VME interface. The first page covers the new mechanical specification that deals with the VPX card format; REDI, Ruggedized Enhanced Design Implementation Form Factors. While the second page addresses the original VME form function, IEEE-1011.

The IEEE1101 page was added just for completeness and currently only points to a mechanical drawing of the VME board sizes that have been on the site for a number of years now.

The REDI standard defines the new direction with the VME bus, using the VPX card. The VME road map is moving in a new direction leaving the old legacy form factors behind.

COTS Manufacturers:
..... Manufacturers of VME Boards.
..... Manufacturers of VPX Boards.
..... Manufacturers of VXS Boards.

Military Standard 1399 Description

I added a page that describes MIL-STD-1399 specification. The page provides Alternating Current, Electrical Power Types. The addition of the MIL1399 page compliments the Naval Use Environmental standard; MIL-HDBK-217 page.

The Military Standard 1399 page details the three types of electrical power supplied on Navy ships; Type I, Type II, and Type III.

Other Military specifications and Handbooks may be found on the Military Specifications page.
Because of a typo this blog post was updated on 3/1/2011.
.....

AGP Card Manufacturers

I discovered yesterday that the listing for Manufacturers of AGP cards had gone missing from the web site?
The index of AGP cards were listed in combination with PCIe cards. However; when I separated the two listings I should have started a new page to cover AGP card manufacturers, but I can find it. The description of the AGP bus never moved and stayed at the same address.

The new address for AGP Board Manufacturers is here; Manufacturers of AGP Cards. It may take a few days to fix the links on all the other pages, but most should point to one of the main COTS card pages which should have a link to the new page.

I haven't made this mistake in a while, so it's a good thing that the AGP interface is in decline. Not really, as the AGP expansion card is still going strong two years after it went obsolete. The reason AGP is still selling well is because many people do not want to up-grade their Motherboard, but rather just upgrade the video card instead.

Related pages to the AGP Board:
AGP pinout, AGP Slot pin out,
AIMM Slot [AGP Inline Memory Module],
PC Video Bus Through-put Speeds.

Manufacturers of Thermal Chambers

Environmental Testing:

A new page has been added that provides a listing of Manufacturers of Thermal Chambers. The new page only has a few listing, as do all new pages. The link is off the main Test Equipment Manufacturers page. Environmental Chamber styles include; Hood, Clamshell, and Front Loader, including walk-ins. Environmental Chamber types include; Fast Change Rate Environmental Chambers, Specification Compliance Systems, Temperature & Humidity Environmental Chambers, Thermal Shock Chambers.

In connection with the Thermal Chamber Manufacturers, I also added a page for System Test Acronyms. The Acronym Test page also has links to a number of other pages on the site with similar or related content. With a link of the main Dictionary, Acronyms page. I did take the time to add the new acronyms into the main listing of Engineering Acronyms.

Related pages include MIL-HDBK-217, Military Specifications, and the definition of MTBF.

Industrial M12 connectors offer environmental protection as defined by the Environmental Protection Ratings. Also see Conformal Coating for CCA's and PWBs.

Note I corrected a typo on 3/01/2011.
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Manufacturers of Coaxial Cable

I added a new page off the wire/cable manufacturers page. The cable manufacturers page has always been to large, and I've been moving sections off the main page for a few months. The new page that covers the listing is located on the Coaxial Cable Manufacturers page.

I put links on it to a few other pages, including a better definition of Coax cable, and a link to How-to-Derate Cable based on temperature rise. The chart of Operation Frequency ranges for connectors may also be of interest.

Not sure, but I also added a listing for an MC-10 serial interface ~ obsolete. Guess I need to check the external link report again

Resistor Chip Attenuator Manufacturers

Following yesterdays posting of Manufacturers of Current Sense Resistors, a new page was added providing a listing for Resistor Chip Attenuator Manufacturers. Both pages are linked of the main Resistor Manufacturers page, and all three pages should be cross-linked.

There are other sub pages linked from the resistor pages that do not contain a link to either of the new pages;
Manufacturers of Potentiometers,
Manufacturers of Thermistors,
Manufacturers of Varistors,
Manufacturers of Semiconductor Resistors.

Never had a chance to design a circuit using a Current Sense Resistor, but it's hard to design a board with out an attenuator. However, always having a small amount of free space I don't purchase a new device to make an attenuator. I reuse the same resistors already used on the part list if possible. Why add a new line item, if you can avoid it. Of course for that to work, you need to be using many different resistor values.

Always add to the quantity of a line item rather than adding a new line item. New line items always cost more.

Oh the top listing for electronic component Manufacturers, or Passive Circuit Design data.

Current Sense Resistor Manufacturers

A new page has been added to cover Resistor Current Sense Manufacturers. The link was added off the main page for Resistor Manufacturers.

Current Sense Resistors are used to draw off current from another circuit but drop no voltage, these are very low ohm devices. Some current sense devices may be surface mount devices and low power or free-air high power devices.

The new page was started from the main resistor page, same but fewer links with a different description.

Like any other page; this new page may see a lot of traffic or not as there is no way to tell. Assume 15 to 30 days to get spidered, than another 4 months to get a page rank. In any case the page is linked from the Resistor Manufacturers page. In any case it rounds out the devices produced that function as resistors.

As a side not, the posting's on this blog indicates the number of new web site page postings. A few posting may not provide a new page, but many have more than one......

milli-ohm resistors; chip resistors and free air resistors. High-Power Low-Ohm Resistors.

How to Design an Equipment Chassis

I produced a section of pages back in 2005 relating to Electronic Equipment Chassis Design.

The attached pic shows total page hits for that section from the middle of 2006 on, and the top 10 producing pages. Although it says 86 URL's, there really are only 42 pages. Looks like the section get about 50 to 150 page views a week. With about 16,000 page views in 2007.

Any way I'm out up-dating the search bar on those pages and notice [again] that a number of pages have no page rank any longer. I posted a related entry in the main blog "pages losing ranking". Looks like about 10 pages no longer have a page ranking from Google. Here are those page links:
Equipment Racks Shelfs.
Equipment Rack Casters.
Panel Meter Manufacturers.
Equipment Chassis Slot Keying.
Chassis Connector Types.
Elapsed Time Indicates.
Rack Mount Environmental Alarm Manufacturers.
Chassis Cable Assemblies.
Electronic Terms for Equipment Chassis.
Page two of Chassis Terms.

The only thing I can figure is that because these pages get so few page hits, that they lost their page rank. Internal Pages point to them, and via the sitemap, external pages point to them. And now this blog points to them.

These pages help to round out the How-to section, so I don't really mind that they my be getting just a few page views. I would rather have the page there for someone than not have it...

Comparing different PC Buses

The main listing of Personal Computer Bus description is listed on the Personal Computer Buses page. In addition to providing links to almost all of the different styles of PC buses the page provided a table comparing each of the different types of interfaces and their transfer speeds.

I notice in one of the server reports that shows relative down loads vs. page size that the page was using up a lot of bandwidth relative to other pages.

So in order to save a little bandwidth the table was reduced in size by only showing the final version of the expansion bus. Previous versions of a given spec were removed from the table, reducing the size of the page.

Not wanting to lose any data, the complete table was moved to it's own page; Comparing PC Buses.

MIL-HDBK-217F Environments

Military Handbook 217 [MIL-HDBK-217]; Reliability Prediction of Electronic Equipment provides a means to calculate the reliability of systems based on the components used with in the system.

The definition for Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF) from MIL-HDBK-217F is located on the MTBF Definition page. The MTBF page contains its main link off the Engineering Dictionary page or Electronic acronyms page.

MIL-HDBK-217 provides for a number of Environments in which equipment may be operated in, the new pages added list the different types of Environments:

Ground Systems Environments,
Naval Systems Environments,
Airborne Systems Environments,
Space Systems Environments.

Each Environment definition contains a number of sub-Environments, with each page describing the terms and definition. A related page lists Military Specifications.

404 Page Not Found

I just came across a page that was never up-loaded, so it returned a 404 code when I checked the status. The page cover Mezzanine Board sizes and appears to be an extension of the listing for Industrial Board Formats page. How ever I can't find which page links to it, so now that it's been up-loaded it's a orphan page. An orphan page is a page that has no other pages with in the same site that point to it.

That missing page would never show up in any of the site stats or reports because the page was never uploaded and had no other pages that point to it.

New Component Manufacturers Pages

Added two new pages tonight to enhance the web site.

The first page covers Terminal Block Manufacturers. A listing that had resided on the main Connector Manufacturers page. The connector page was kind of large, and the section for Terminal strips listed to many vendors. So I reduce the page size, with the link to the new page, but I provide a more direct route to Terminal Strip companies. I did list a small definition for Terminal strips but the main section on Glossary of Terms should always be checked.

The second new page covers Error Correction IC Manufacturers. Same as before, the original Specialized Logic ICs was sort of large, so I moved the listing off to another page. The new page contains the same listing as the original page, with a few new acronyms.

PXI Signal assignments

I separated the pinout data for the P2 connector on the PXI interface bus. I left the PXI System Slot pinout on its current page address, but I moved the Peripheral Slot pinout onto a new page. The move was made to reduce the page size, so instead of one 30k byte page, I now have two 15k byte pages. Only helps if a person needs one of the other pinout tables, but not both. I updated the PXI P1 pinout table 'page' by adding a new Google search bar. Of course on the main page that provides a description of the PXI bus, I added the new link to P2 Peripheral slot signal assignments.

Along the same lines as some of the previous posts to reduce server bandwidth I up-dated a few other pages. In both cases I deleted some html font tags embedded with in the pin-out tables to reduce the page size. The obsolete IBM Personal Computer bus, Micro Channel Architecture, and the obsolete EISA bus.

Each page received a few hundred page views last month. Reduced now by a few k-bytes, or 500k bytes per month. I'm suppressed those two pages were getting that many hits, but deleting the font tags are transparent ~ you can't tell a change was made.

Oh, PXI means cPCI for Instrumentation.

Waiting on a page rank

I'm out checking page rank for new pages that were added last year. I started with Jan of last year, so the new pages are listed in the older 'what's new to the site' blog, which happens to pre-date this blog.

I always tell people it takes 4 months to get a page rank, never really being sure if that may mean once a quarter.

Pages added in Aug with no page rank:
Definition of Coaxial Cable.
Definition of SMA Connectors.
Definition of BNC Connectors.

Pages added in Sep. with no page rank:
Volatile Memory ICs.

Pages added in Oct. with no page rank:
Protocol Acronyms.
Networking Acronyms.

Of course there have been other new pages, but most of these pages have been out there for longer than 4 months. Maybe it took the spider another 30 days to find the new page, so the pages from Aug should be getting a ranking some time this month. I should be receiving a page ranking for 3 to 5 new pages each month for almost the rest of the year ~ even if I stop adding additional pages.

However, on a side note, a new page does not mean new visitors. The coax cable page has only seen 8 page views so far, over the last 5 months. The BNC page has only seen 22 page visits. A page rank may help these pages, but just because I generate a new page does not mean any one wants to read it or is searching for it...

Again this blog now provides all new page additions to the web site, for the last three months.

Semiconductor Diodes

There are a number of pages that cover Semiconductor Diodes on the web site. The main page provides a listing of Manufacturers of Semiconductor Diodes. With a link to a listing of Manufacturers of Varactor Diode Devices, Manufacturers of Zener Diodes, Manufacturers of LED components, followed by a list of Circuit Protection Devices.

Some times I need a bit more than just a listing of manufacturers. This page provides a list and definition of different types of diodes. Which gives a small description of each type of semiconductor diode.

There's another page that provides detailed definitions for Zener Diode Terms. Followed by a page giving definitions for LED devices, who can remember which is the longer lead on a through-hole device.

I'll bet there are other pages that cover diodes, like the related page which details ESD Terms. A quick search finds LED Materials vs Wavelength [color], and a Visible Spectrum Graph. Also a table that indicates how to Derate a Diode based on Junction Temperature.

Still more, one for Multi-Colored LED Manufacturers. That page would cover two and three colored LED's. How about one that covers RF Switch Manufacturers, which happen to be diodes inside an RF case.

Of Course LED stands for; Light Emitting Diode....... Hmm, lets not forget Super Bright LED Manufacturers, and Light Pipe Manufacturers. Or, Manufacturers of LED Drivers.

In any case there are many pages that deal with diode manufacturers or diode terms. All pages may not point to all of the other pages, but they can all be found by using the search engine located on the top of all the pages. Like this page that shows a graph for a Bridge Rectifier Circuit.