Capacitor Characteristics

A new page providing a graph of Altitude vs Capacitor Operating voltage was added. Of course it shows the capacitor case sizes which kind of also define the operating voltage. A small amount of text was also added to support the chart, but it's not much additional data yet.

Another new page was added to address Capacitor Insertion Loss. The Insertion Loss page is linked off the capacitor dictionary page starting with the Impedance Definition. This page has even less text than the other new page, but this always changes over time. The interesting thing is that the site analytics does not even show any page views yet, and I generated this page three days ago.

I also added both capacitor pages to the engineering site-map, keeping that page up to date. The site map lists all the pages contained on the Engineering Web-Site. I also found a few duplicate entries in the site map, so those got deleted, and I also added a bit of supporting text to some of the page listings.

So it appears that the capacitor dictionary section contains 19 pages, with some number of supporting pages. Of course there is also a number of pages that discuss characteristics of capacitors, sizes, MIL Spec, tolerance and so on.

555 Circuit Diagrams

Yet another 555 schematic was added yesterday. Another Astable Multivibrator 555 circuit, linked off the main 555 Timer Introduction page. This one uses to different circuit paths two charge and discharge the timing capacitor.

I've been calling the listing a Individual Pulse Width Adjustment circuit, but maybe a High-Low Pulse Width Adjustment circuit would be better. At any rate it's a variation of an Astable 555 configuration, but with each of these circuit additions it has more and more circuit elements.

I just generated this schematic graphic, but I think I have one other, so I may yet start another related page address ~ about another 555 circuit.

The next post will be about Capacitor stuff, because I added two other pages the other day but have yet to blog about them.

Definition of Capacitor Terms

A few new pages have been added to the dictionary of Capacitor terms. The first new page is the Definition of Insulation Resistance, which is linked off the page starting with the Definition of Impedance ['I' to 'L' terms].

While the second new page covers the Definition of Failure Rate, which is linked off the page that did start with the Definition of Farad ['F' terms]. In addition a link to the Capacitor Failure Rate definition was also placed on the page covering How to Derate a Capacitor.

A number of pages in that section were also updated to include both pages in the 'D' portion; Definition of DC Leakage and Definition of Dielectric. Also the Definition of ESR.

I also added the links from the new pages to the HTML Sitemap, to keep that up to date. The sitemap was just updated yesterday to include all the page additions over the last few months. Of course the sitemap lists all the pages contain in the Engineering Website.

I should be adding a few other sub pages to the Capacitor Dictionary in a few days. Like these pages additions today, they should be a page to hold the graphic of some type of capacitor characteristic.

555 Timer IC Circuits

Added three new pages covering 555 Timer circuits. There's already so much info about the 555 on the web, but I'd been wanting to add the 555 data for awhile now. I don't expect much traffic to the pages because of the other web pages but it still my help some one who is already on the site looking for related information.

Now what I did is start one page and then copy that incomplete page into two other pages. That way as I begin to write the pages most of the text does not turn out to be identical. However that leads to copy-paste errors. But the pages start with the correct back ground data. I think I have corrected most of the typo errors, but I'll get the rest tomorrow.

Anyway I added a page that covers a 555 Monostable Multivibrator circuit, which include a schematic, timing equations and a description. The same holds for the page covering the 555 Astable Multivibrator circuit which was added. Then off the Astable page I linked in a page for a 50% Duty Cycle 555 Multivibrator. The 50% duty cycle page may still have typo's after being generated from the Astable page, but I'll fix them. No one should really be able to find these pages yet anyway, so they should be alright for another 12 hours.

Oh all of the pages appear as if they reside in the Engineering Dictionary section. Linked from the definitions of either Astable Multivibrator, or Monostable Multivibrator definitions. Looks like they are also linked from the Timer definition too. I also already had a page covering a 4098 Monostable Multivibrator so I went ahead and placed a link to the 555 Monostable Multivibrator circuit. Other then that I don't see any other pages I could use to link to the 555 schematics, although I would like a few more. It is what it is, more links may grow over time. Maybe I'll generate a top-level 555 circuits page if more schematics get generated.

Graphic: Internal Block Diagram of a 555 Timer IC, 8-pin circuit package.

Passive Filter Definition

Much of the data on Passive Filters has been consolidated onto one page, as Passive Filter Definitions. Unlike most new pages the filter page already has a large number of cross-links coming in. As much of the filter data already resided on the site, but under individual filter definitions. The original definitions relating to passive filters remain, but are now also all listed on one page [for now].

So these filter terms also come with a number of graphics, but they were also being used on the site already.  A number of new terms have been added for filter types, but most are a different name for a filter already listed. Of course it wouldn't be a very good dictionary page if it didn't list all possible terms.

I may update the passive filter listing again this week, but I think I may also add a page for active filters next week. I hope in the up coming weeks the filter page will be indexed and come up first in an on-site search, instead of many of the other page with only a single filter listing.

Off topic comment, although the site visits are up 20% [pageviews blog posting], hits to the home page of interfacebus are down 9%. However many individual pages show a decline over last year, but I would assume many more show an increase otherwise the site would not be up 20 percent.

Key words; Passive Filter, LC, Capacitor, Inductor, Low pass, High pass.
Graphic pic file; A Common Mode Choke Inductor, through-hole.

Communication Handshaking

A few days ago I added a page to cover the Definition of Handshaking. The page is an addition to the current definition of a Hand-Shake that was already listed. It appears to be a pretty good start at addressing the protocol on how two devices pass data.

These days handshaking doesn't occur that often, most buses operate a lot faster using a clock. But for what ever reason I enhanced the definition. I'll finish up over the week, with more text and a few more examples.

Google indicates only one page view in the last few days, which would be from me? I also don't see the page come up in a Google search, but I'll check again a few hours after I post this.

CMOS Monostable Multivibrator

I added a new page to show the functional schematic of a CMOS 4098 IC, a Monostable Multivibrator. The page is linked off the page covering IC Functional Schematics. That section currently has 25 pages of functional IC schematics.

A related page covers Transistor Multivibrator Circuits. All the pages are linked off the Engineering Dictionary, for what ever reason.

I also updated the MIL-STD-1553 page too, in addition to many other pages.

Graphic; C5 Galaxy Transport Aircraft, in flight. USAF photo.

Via Stubs

Started a new page to cover Via Stubs in Printed Circuit Boards [PCB]. The page is linked off the definition of Via Stub, as a read more kind of thing.

A Via stub is a via that runs past the layer a trace is on. For example a trace on the layer 3 needs to connect to a trace on layer five but the via runs from the top layer to the bottom layer, the stub is the portion of the via that extends past layer 5 running to the bottom layer. A via stub is the same thing as a transmission line stub.

A related page covers How to Terminate a Trace.

Anyway, it's a start to cover the topic, I'll keep working on it for another few hours.
Graphic; Plated Through Hole via in a 6 layer Printed Wiring Board.

Definition of Printed Wiring Board Terms

I went ahead and divided up one of the last pages of PWB Terms that was just too long. The new page covers PCB Terms from 'Gr' to 'O'. While the original page now covers terms 'A' to 'Ge' [listed first].
So the section also covers PWB Definitions 'P' to 'R', and 'S' terms starting with Secondary Side, and 'T' to 'Z' terms starting with Tented Via. There is also a side page that covers PWB Classifications, which has received almost no page views.
All the pages are now pointing to the new page addition, but the new page still needs a little work with the side bar which is a bit to long. From the counter stats it appears I started this 6 page section on PWB definitions on July 25th, and have slowing been adding new terms and PCB pics. However; there appears to be many days the section either receives no visits or just a few page views.

I should be adding another page maybe tonight covering High speed vias. Maybe I should write it before I pick a name.

Capacitor Networks

I added a new page the other day on Capacitor Networks, or capacitor arrays and forgot to blog about it. The new page is linked off the Capacitor Dictionary, or Capacitor Array Definition.

The page shows three different Single In-Line Packages, two capacitor networks and one capacitor array, with standard capacitor values. A related page holds the definition of Capacitor Network.

Which for some reason does not have a page rank, not sure why. Looks like this section has 15 different pages of capacitor terms.

Comment; Ya know there is a bad side to capacitor arrays in a single package, like a SIP. Normally you want the capacitor placed as close to some component as possible. Placement becomes a bit hard once all the individual devices are placed or hard-wired within the same component. You can get one capacitor near the area you want it but the others are wired as they reside in the SIP package.

Headers

So I did end up generating another new page today, why not. The page covers PWB headers, or maybe the start to the definition of PWB headers. Any way it was generated to hold a few graphics of board headers, which is why it received it's own page. Like many new posts here, this new page has little or no text but I'll add it in a few days. The only link so far is from the Header Definition page.

A few other dictionary pages that have no hits;
Residual Current Device.
COTS Definition.
Balun Definition.
Pulse Shape Definition.

And so on, just a few page links wit no page rank and no page visits this year.
err last post of the year.........

Resistor Definitions

Off one of the Resistor Dictionary pages; Damping Resistor. A new page was added to cover the term Encapsulation of a Resistor. It ended up on its own page just because the size of the graphic.

At this point there are a number of pages that cover different resistor topics. Here are a few with the lowest page views this year [should be all new page additions]:

8-pin SIP Resistor Networks [un-common].
8-pin SIP Resistor Networks [also un-common].
I've never seen either of these resistor configuration in those SIP packages, but that doesn't mean some one may need them one day.

20-pin LCC Resistor Network Schematics.
SIP Dual Termination Resistor Networks.

Those four pages were some what new, here's a few older pages with no page rank.
MIL-R-39015 Resistor Derating. [Wire-Wound]
MIL-R-83401 Resistor Network Derating.
MIL-R-55182 Resistor Derator Curve.
There's a few more than that, but I'm not really sure why they do not have a page rank.
Looks like the pages have a number of internal links from other pages about Resistor, but no external links. However I just checked they are listed in the site map, but that sitemap may be to large a file for Google to read [they like 100 links or less a page].
There are a few other resistor graphics I have but I don't think I'll get them in by the end of the year. Looks like there's around 50 pages that relate to resistor issues.
Not sure why but the Current Sense Resistors page didn't show very high in a search.
Graphic 16 pin Gull-Wing Surface Mount Package [used with resistor networks].

Surface-mount Trimmer Resistor Packages

To support the page on Through-hole Trimmer Packages, I added a new page to cover Surface-Mount Trimmer Packages.
Both pages use the links to Resistor Terms at the top of the page; As in these definitions:
Adjustable Resistor.
Lead-Screw Resistor.
Non-Wire Wound Resistor.
Potentiometer.
Reostat.
Trimmer Resistor.
Variable Resistor.
The page covering companies that Manufacturer Potentiometers works off the link. There also also links to Derating Potentiometers, and Wire-Wound Potentimeter Derating. There are dozens of other pages relating to resistors and Trimmers.
A Trimmer is a variable resistor that is produce that only supports a full adjustments, a trimmer is not made to handle continuous adjustments or changes. Each of those two pages show four or five different examples of package styles.

Graphic; Variable Resistor, Wire-Wound Derating Curve [MIL-R-39015].

Feed-Through Capacitors

Its been a week or two with out adding any new pages, so I made time.
The new page covers Feed-Through Capacitors or Feed-Through filters, depending on who you talk to.
The page started as a copy of this page Capacitor Terms, or at least a starting place. And I already see that I didn't add that pages link back on the page..
I also added a link off the RFI Shielding page.

Integrated Circuit Functions

A new page was added to cover the definition of a Magnitude Comparator IC. The listing was added in support of the new definition of Magnitude Comparator that was added to the dictionary section.

This follows Fridays blog posting on IC Number Conversions when the page BCD to Decimal Converter Circuit was added. Which followed last Wednesdays blog posting on IC Multiplexers, in which the detailed schematic of an IC Multiplexer was added in support of the definition of Multiplexing.

Also in support of the definition of Parity Check, a schematic was added to that definition, although it didn't make it to its own page. However this schematic may also be moved to a new page at a later date.

Although some what unrelated, a CANbus transceiver circuit was added to the CAN Bus listing. Also when the PI-Bus interface was listed the other day, a PI-Bus transceiver schematic was added to that page. When the JTAG Interface page was updated last week, a schematic of a JTAG Scan Device was added as well. Some time around there a Physical Layer Transceiver was added to the SpaceWire listing. All Avionic Buses for some reason, random chance....

Anyway the next new page to interfacebus will either be another functional IC schematic to tag onto this posting or an IC foot-print to follow yesterdays blog posting.

Graphic; Quad, Dual-Input AND gate Integrated Circuit [click for a larger image].

Definitions of Printed Wiring Board Terms

I went ahead and divided up the page covering Printed Wiring Board Definitions because it was getting a bit large. Not that the length of the page was much of an issue, but with all the graphics the download time was starting to get a little slow. The original PCB dictionary page was about 19 pages long, with many pics. Now after the change the page is only down to 18 pages, with all the additions I just added to the page.

So the original page covers PWB terms from 'A' to 'S' and the new page covers PCB Terms 'T' to 'Z'. I also generate a new page covering Types of PWBs, because the definition was some what long. In another few weeks I'll be breaking up the PWB Terms page again, because it still looks to large. Related terms; Glossary of Packaging Terms 'A' to 'B', Dictionary of Packaging Terms 'C' to 'Z'. Integrated Circuit Packaging.

Additional PWB links are located on the Information on Printed Wiring Board page.
Also on PWB Vendors Services.. Data on Conformal Coating.

Graphic; Coined or flattened axial leaded part, attached to a copper land on a PWB.

Printed Wiring Board Definitions

A new page was added to cover Definitions related to PWBs. Most if not all of the terms were already listed within the Engineering Dictionary, but are now combined on one page.

I think the only incoming link is from the Electronic 'P' terms page, but I'll add more soon.
Oh, so this is the first up-load so some off the additions may look different because they come from different pages and of course some common terms may be missing. This page has been in the To-Do box for a few months, so no matter what it has to be a good start.

Up-date; I've added links to the PCB dictionary from the main PWB Information page, PCB External Trace Current Carrying Capacity, and PCB Internal Trace Current Carrying Capacity. A link also resides on the Definition of Minimum Annular Ring page.

Resistor Attenuators

I added a new page to cover schematics of different styles of Resistor Attenuator Networks. The page should support the section of Resistor Terms and Resistor Attenuator Manufacturers.

Normally these devices will be surface mount components so the common term will be Chip Attenuator. The new page shows schematics for the Pi attenuator, T attenuator, and L attenuator.

Terms used with Resistors

A dictionary of Resistor Terms was started back in 4/08 and consisted of 10 pages [Blog entree; Resistor Definitions] A few months later the 'B/C' page was broken into two separate pages 2/09 [Blog entree; Dictionary of Resistor Terms]. Some time later the 'O' page was added.

Yesterday, yet another page was added by separating the 'F-M' into 'F-L' and 'M' pages. Here are the current pages, listed by the first definition on each page:
Active Resistor. 'A' Terms
Ballast Resistor. 'B' Terms
Carbon Film Resistor. 'C' Terms
Damping Resistor. 'D-E' Terms
Ferrule-terminal Resistor. 'F-L' Terms
Maximum Voltage Rating. 'M' Terms ......... This is the new page that was added
Network. 'N' Terms
Ohm. 'O' Terms
Phenolic Molded Resistor. 'P' Terms
Rated Continuous Working Voltage. 'R' Terms
Semiconductor Resistor. 'S' Terms
Tab Mounted Resistor. 'T' Terms
Variable Resistor. 'V-Z' Terms

There are also a number of side pages detailing Resistor design;
Resistor Tolerance definition.
Resistor Values - Package Sizes.
How to Derate a Resistor.

There are a number of others, but this off-site pages lists many of them: Resistor Products.
Hits to the resistor dictionary really didn't start to pick up until January of this year.

When to Dearte a Transistor

Copied another page on how to derate a transistor into two other pages that used the same derating chart.

2N4237 Temperature-Power Derating Curve, duplicated to.

2N4238 Derating Graph.

2N4239 Derating Graph.

A few other related pages in the section were also updated

2N3498 Derating Graph.

2N2906 Derating Graph.

2N3634 Derating Graph.

Some of these preexisting pages may not have ever been listed out here as new pages, so this may be their first posting. In any case it's yet another external link generated.

There are three different possible guidelines a designer can use when implementing a transistor circuit. 

1. The engineer may use a generic guideline using a simple Derating Factor;

     Example: Derate 50% up to a maximum junction temperature [Derating Factors].

2. The engineer may use a Linear equation which is more a design recommendation;

     Example: Derate Linearly at 12.7mW/ degree C, above 25C [Derating Recommendations].

3. The engineer may use a Temperature-Power Curve which should be treated as a design rule;

     Shown on any number of pages, [Derating Rules].

There were two other pages up-dated to hold the links for the page just generated;

Guideline to Derating Transistors, and Guideline to Derating NPN BJTs.

Addtional related pages on the web site:

Manufacturers of Transistors.

Transistor Amplifier  Circuits.

Transistor Circuit Schematics.

Transistor Multivibrator Circuit Schematics.

Definition of Transistor Terms.

Additional related pages on this blog:

Rules for Derating a Transistor.

Transistor Derating Guidelines.

Recommendation on how to Derate a Transistor.

Derate a BJT by Temperature.

FET Derating Guidelines.

NPN Transistor Derating Curve.

Power Derating for Transistors.